We're the Grade 11s in Mr. Doktor's chemistry 11 class.
We're in Block A, Day 1.
We are
Theresa Nguyen
Dominika Skibicki
Charles Perea
Tim Pang
This is our blog.

06/08/10

This class we just worked on our review and we had a sub, Mr. P. We went through a hand out he gave us on stoichiometry on the board. So now, hopefully we'll do good on our exams!
This class we just worked on our review and we had a sub, Mr. P. We went through a hand out he gave us on stoichiometry on the board. So now, hopefully we'll do good on our exams! Aldehyde


General Group is:


Naming: change the -e ending to -al


Methanal(Formaldehyde)


Ethanal

Carboxylic Acids

-Found in insect bites
-Building blocks of fats/steroids

General Group is: R-C=O-OH
-Change ending to -oic acid


Methanoic Acid


Ethanoic Acid(Acetic Acid/Vinegar)
May 14, 2010

HALIDES: in this functional group halogen atoms replace a hydrogen atom. the
prefixes are: bromo, chloro, and floro

Ex: 3,2 dibromo 3 chloro 1 propane

ALCOHOLS: add 'OH' and change the ending to 'ol'

Ex: 3 ethyl 4 propyl 1 octanol

KETONES: there is an oxygen atom double bonded
to carbon. the ending is 'one'

Ex: 2 chloro 4 methyl 3 hexanone

ETHERS: an oxygen atom joins carbon chains together.
the ending is 'yl'

Ex: diethyl ether 05/06/10 - DAY 1D 05/04/10 - DAY 1C

Organic Chemistry

There are more carbon compounds than all ionic compounds combined.
The study of carbon compounds is called organic chemistry.
Carbon can have multiple bonds and form many different shapes.

Hydrocarbons

05/10/10
Cyclo Alkanes:
- follow the same naming rules and add 'cyclo' in front of the parent name.
-if a cyclic chain is a side chain use 'cyclo____yl'
-resonance structure= 6 carbon cyclic chain called benzene Ions in Solutions

-The formation of a solution depends on the ability of the solute to dissolve in the solvent.
-Solvation is the interaction between solutes and solvents
-Ionic solids(salts) are crystals made up of ions


-Molecular solids are crystals made up of neutral molecules
-Dissolving ionic solutions produces ions in a process called dissociationNaCl(s)-->Na(aq)+(+)Cl(aq)-
-Ionization is the break up of a neutral molecule into charged particles
CH3COOH-->CH3COO-(+)H+

Example:Write the dissociation equations:
1)FeCl3-->Fe3(aq)+(+)3Cl(aq)-
2)Ag2O-->2Ag(aq)+(+)O(aq)2-
3)Na3PO4-->3Na(aq)+(+)PO4(aq)3-
4)(NH4)2SO4-->2NH4(aq)+(+)SO4(aq)2-

Determining concentrations is relatively easy

Example:
Q:What is the [Cl-] in a solution of 0.50M AgCl3?
A:AgCl3-->Ag(aq)+(+)3Cl(aq)-
[Cl-]=0.50Mx3
[Cl-]=1.50M

Q:What is the [NO3-] in a solution of 0.82M Fe(NO3)2?
A:Fe(NO3)2-->Fe(aq)2+(+)2NO(aq)3-
[NO3-]=0.82Mx3
[NO3-]=1.64M

Q:What is the [Cr2O72-] and [K+] when 3.5g K2Cr2O7 is dissolved in 40mL of water?
A:K2Cr2O7-->2K+(+)CrO72-
K2Cr2O7=294.2g/mol
3.5g/294.2g/mol=0.0119mol/0.040L=0.297M

Q:What is the [NO3-] when 100mL of 0.6M AgNO3 is mixed with 200mL of 0.40M Mg(NO3)2?
A:AgNO3-->Ag+(+)NO3-
C1V1=C2V2
Ag+->(0.600M)(0.100M)=C2(0.300M)
C2=0.200M
[NO3-]=(0.600mol/L)x(0.100L)=0.06mol

Mg(NO3)2-->Mg2+(+)2NO3-
C1V1=C2V2
Mg2+->(0.400M)(0.200M)=C2(0.300M)
C2=0.266M
2[NO3-]=(0.400M)x(0.200L)=0.08mol

C=0.22mol/0.3L=0.73M Intermolecular Bonds

-bonds between molecules

3 types:
1.London Dispersion Force(L.D.F.)
-Results from temporary electron dipoles
-Weakest intermolecular force
-Increases as number electrons increase
-Occurs in any compound that has electrons(i.e.everything)

2.Dipole-Dipole Force
-Results from a permenant dipole in molecules
-Polar molecules experience this force
-Polarity depends how much elements want electrons(electronegativity)
Electronegativity increases right and up
-The strength of a dipole-dipole bond depends on the difference in electronegativity between the 2 atoms

Example:
Substance, Boiling Point, # of electrons
N2, -196 C, 14
O2, -183 C, 16
NO, -152 C, 15
ICl, 97 C, 70
BR2, 59 C, 70

3.Hydrogen Bonds(H-Bonds)
-This is a special type of dipole-dipole bond between H and O, F, N
-Any molecule that has: H-F, H-O, or H-N

Example:
Identify the substances with H-Bonds
1.CH4
2.CH3OH-->H-bonds
3.H2S
4.CH3-NH2-->H-bonds
5.HCl

Compare the Boiling Point of:
Ethanol(C2H5OH-4
Ethane(C2H6)-2
Methanol(CH3OH)-3
Methane(CH4)-1

This class was spent doing a lab on polar and non- polar solvents.
The purpose of this lab was to fnd out if glycerin is polar or non- polar.
The procedure was as followed:
-get 6 test tubes and divide them into 3 groups.
-one test tube from each group was filled with water while the other was filled with paint thinner.
-the first group had salt dissolved in it, the second group had sugar, and the third had iodine crystals.
-each tube had a stopper and was shaken to mix the solute and solvent.
-then we recorded our observations.

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